Lisa Toh

Face-to-face Implementation Issues

1) Physical Settings in Schools

1. Insufficient number of computers

2. Students are blocked from teacher’s view by computer monitors. Hence, they are unable to keep up with the teacher’s demonstration on the projector screen and tend to do their own stuff online. E.g.: check e-mail, surf the web and play online games.

Possible Solutions

1. Students can form groups of 3-4 and share a computer. In order to ensure everyone is involved in the activity, various roles (e.g.: group leader, data recorder, time-keeper) can be assigned to each member.

2. During the instructional period, students can move their seats away from their computers to promote eye contact and listening. Teachers can place themselves at strategic positions so that they can monitor each student’s activities (with-it-ness), as well as, is aware of other events happening in the computer room (overlapping).

2) Nature of the Learning Activity
1. Learning is not progressive and students are left confused.
2. Transition from one activity to another and keeping the students on task.

Possible Solutions
1. Teachers can state clearly the objectives and tasks of the lesson before commencing. Students should be instructed to start off with the same activity so that they can follow the teacher’s demonstration for better understanding.
2. Before the lesson, students are briefed on the lesson activities and the movement from one station to another. Worksheets can be given to ensure that students are engaged in the station tasks and complete them.

3) Time Management
1. Teachers are unable to complete the lesson planned due to issues like classroom management or unexpected technical breakdowns.

Possible Solutions
1. To keep students task-orientated, teachers can provide constant time-checks at various points.
2. Teachers should plan a realistic number of activities to be completed within the stipulated lesson time.
3. A Technical Assistant can be present in the room at all times so as to solve any unanticipated technical problems.
4. Rules and procedures should be established and teachers can demonstrate “with-it-ness” and “overlapping” strategies to ensure students are kept on task and able to complete on time.

4) Student and Teacher ICT literacy
1. Students who are less efficient with computers may have problems following the lesson and this hinders their learning.
2. Teachers who are less familiar with technology may not be able to execute a lesson effectively and efficiently for optimal learning.

Possible Solutions
1. Teachers can model the process and create step-by-step instructional worksheets so that students are able to follow. A Q&A session can be held before students begin the activity; this allows them to clarify all doubts.
2. Teachers may undergo workshops or learn from colleagues the necessary ICT skills required for the lesson. The activities planned can be rehearsed once to promote smooth transition throughout the lesson.
3. A technical assistant can be present during lesson time to clear any technical doubt and this reduces time wastage. Peer-to-peer teaching of simple technical problems can be encouraged.

1) Cyberbullying
1. During online discussions, students may send offensive and rude messages in order to be ‘heard’ or communicate their point across.
2. A student being ‘excluded’ from collaborative work online.
3. In the process of information exchange, a negligent student may accidentally open e-mails, links or messages containing undesirable messages that are aimed at a personal attack.

Possible Solutions
1. Educate students on “Netiquette”- etiquette on the Internet. They should not do things to annoy or frustrate other internet users.
2. Educate students on safe and responsible internet use, as well as having respect for self and others.
3. Do not open any e-mails or messages from unknown senders and ignore online bullies.

2) Internet Pornography
1. While doing online research, students may come into contact with pornography through avenues such as forums, online advertisement/pop-ups, e-mails and file sharing.

Possible Solutions
1. Do not open e-mails from unknown senders or suspicious hyperlinks.
2. Switch web browser to “safe search” mode.
3. Install pop-up filters and blockers.
4. Educate students why pornography is wrong.
5. Keep computers in open, commonly used spaces so that parental monitoring is possible.

References
Lim, C. P., Pek, M. S. & Chai, S. C. (2005). Classroom management Issues on ICT mediated learning environments. Journal of Educational Multimedia & Hypermedia, 14(4), 391-414.

Websites:
http://www.cyberbullying.ca/
http://www3.moe.edu.sg/edumall/tl/cyberwellness.htm

# posted by *lisa : 8:22 PM